The global chemical marketplace is a constantly evolving landscape characterized by significant growth and innovation. Key factors shaping this sector include increasing global consumption for chemicals, coupled with strict regulations aimed at promoting environmental and well-being standards. Moreover, advancements in research are rapidly leading

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Conversely, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a pressing concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have attracted considerable atten